第三部分 项目管理知识领域
－Section III The Project Management Knowledge Areas
Ø 三个主要的项目文件(three major documents)
n 项目章程
Project Charter. Formally authorizes the project
n 项目范围说明书
Project Scope Statement. States what work is to be accomplished and what deliverables need to be produced
n 项目管理计划
Project Management Plan. States how the work will be performed
CH4. 项目整体管理
－Project Integration Management
Ø 项目整体管理知识领域包含识别、确定、结合、统一与协调各项目管理过程组内不同过程与项目管理活动所需进行的各种过程和活动
The Project Integration Management Knowledge Area includes the processes and activities needed to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups
Ø “整体管理”兼有统一、合并、结合各方面特征，包括为完成项目和满足顾客和其他利害关系者的要求，管理他们的期望而必须采取的贯穿项目整体的至关重要的行动
Integration includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion, successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations
Ø “整体管理”的基本任务就是为了按照执行组织确定的程序实现项目目标，将项目管理过程组中需要的各个过程有效形成整体
Integration is primarily concerned with effectively integrating the processes among the Project Management Process Groups that are required to accomplish project objectives within an organization’s defined procedures
Ø 整体管理 Integration Management
n 从多种选择中决定应集中的资源和努力
Making choices about where to concentrate resources and effort an any given day
n 预测问题 anticipating potential issues
n 在这些问题没有成为关键问题前处理之
Dealing with these issues before they become critical
n 为项目整体利益而进行协调
Coordinating work for the overall project good
n 在各个相互冲突的目标与方案之间进行取舍
Making trade-offs among competing objectives and alternatives
4.1 制定项目章程
－Develop Project Charter
Ø 项目章程是正式批准项目成立的文件
The project charter is the document that formally authorizes a project
Ø 该文件授权项目经理在项目活动中动用组织资源
The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Ø 项目应尽早选定和委派项目经理
A project manager is identified and assigned as early in the project as is feasible.
Ø 由项目启动者或发起者来发布项目章程
A project initiator or sponsor issues the project charter
Ø 批准项目的原因（又称问题、机会或营运要求）
Stimuli can also be called problems, opportunities, or business requirements
Ø 制定项目章程基本上就是将经营需要、上项目的理由、当前对顾客要求的理解、以及用来满足这些要求的产品、服务或成果形成文件
Developing the project charter is primarily concerned with documenting the business needs, project justification, current understanding of the customer’s requirements, and the new product, service, or result that is intended to satisfy those requirements
Ø 多阶段项目的以后阶段，本过程的作用是：
For subsequent phases of multi-phase projects, the Develop Project Charter can:
n 验证原来的决定validates the decisions
n 核准项目下一阶段并更新该章程
authorizes the next project phase, and updates the charter.
4.1.1 依据(Inputs)
1. 合同（如果适用）Contract (When Applicable)
2. 项目工作说明书Project Statement of Work
Ø 工作说明书是对应由项目提供的产品或服务的文字说明
The statement of work (SOW) is a narrative description of products or services to be supplied by the project
Ø 指明如下事项之一
The SOW indicates a
n 经营需要Business needs
n 产品范围说明书Product scope description
n 战略计划Strategic plan
3. 事业环境因素Enterprise Environmental Factors
4. 组织过程资产Organizational Process Assets
Ø 组织进行工作的过程与程序
－Organization’s processes and procedures for conducting work
Ø 组织整体信息存储检索知识库
－Organizational corporate knowledge base for storing and retrieving information
4.1.2 工具与技术(Tools & Techniques)
1. 项目选择方法Project Selection Methods
2. 项目管理方法论Project Management Methodology
3. 项目管理信息系统Project Management Methodology（PMIS）
4. 专家判断Expert Judgment
4.1.3 成果(Outputs)
1. 项目章程Project Charter
4.2 制定项目初步范围说明书
－Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement
4.2.1 依据(Inputs)
1. 项目章程Project Charter
2. 项目工作说明书Project Statement of Work
3. 事业环境因素Enterprise Environmental Factors
4. 组织过程资产Organizational Process Assets
4.2.2 工具与技术(Tools & Techniques)
1. 项目管理方法论Project Management Methodology
2. 管理信息系统PMIS
3. 专家判断Expert Judgment
4.2.3 成果(Outputs)
1. 项目初步范围说明书Preliminary Project Scope St |