CH5.    项目范围管理

－Project Scope Management

Ø        项目范围管理是确保项目包括成功完成项目所需的全部工作，但又只包括必须完成的工作的各个过程。

Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully

Ø        两个范围 two types of Scope

n        产品范围－产品、服务或成果的特征与功能

-Product scope. The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result

n        项目范围－为提供产品、服务或成果而需要完成的工作

-Project scope. The work that needs to be accomplished to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions

5.1    范围规划

－Scope Planning

5.1.1   依据(Inputs)

1.      事业环境因素Enterprise environmental factors

2.      组织过程资产Organizational process assets

对范围规划有影响的：Those of particular interest to project scope planning include:

Ø        与项目范围规划与管理有关的组织方针

－Organizational policies as they pertain to project scope planning and management

Ø        与项目范围规划与管理有关的组织程序

－Organizational procedures related to project scope planning and management

Ø        可能存放于所得经验知识库中的以前项目的历史信息

－Historical information about previous projects that may be located in the lessons learned knowledge base

3.      项目章程Project chart

4.      项目初步范围说明书Preliminary project scope statement

5.      项目管理计划Project management plan

5.1.2   工具与技术(Tools & Techniques)

1.      专家判断Expert judgment

2.      模版、表格与标准Templates, Forms and Standards

5.1.3   成果(Outputs)

1.      项目范围管理计划Project scope management plan

Ø        是项目管理团队确定、记载、核实、管理和控制项目范围的指南

The project scope management plan provides guidance on how project scope will be defined, documented, verified, managed, and controlled by the project management team.

Ø        包括内容include:

n        由初步向详细项目范围说明书的编制过程（范围定义）

-A process to prepare a detailed project scope statement based upon the preliminary project scope statement

n        由详细的项目范围说明书制作工作分解结构（制作工作分解结构）

-A process that enables the creation of the WBS from the detailed project scope statement, and establishes how the WBS will be maintained and approved

n        规定如何正式核实与验收已完成可交付成果的过程（范围核实）

- A process that specifies how formal verification and acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained

n        控制详细项目范围变更的过程（范围控制）

-A process to control how requests for changes to the detailed project scope statement will be processed

5.2    范围定义

5.2.1   依据(Inputs)

1.      组织过程资产Organizational process assets

2.      项目章程Project chart

3.      项目初步范围说明书Preliminary project scope statement

4.      项目范围管理计划Project scope management plan

5.      批准的变更请求Approved change requests

5.2.2   工具与技术(Tools & Techniques)

1.      产品分析Product analysis

Ø        每一领域由一或多个公认方法用于将项目目标转换为可交付物和要求

－Each application area has one or more generally accepted methods for translating project objectives into tangible deliverables and requirements

Ø        如产品分解、系统分析、系统工程、价值工程、价值分析和功能分析等。

－includes techniques such as product breakdown, systems analysis, systems engineering, value engineering, value analysis, and functional analysis

2.      其他方案识别Alternatives identification

Ø        用来提出执行与实施项目工作的不同办法的一种技术

－Identifying alternatives is a technique used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project

Ø        通常使用各种通用管理技术，常用头脑风暴法和横向思维

－A variety of general management techniques is often used here, the most common of which are brainstorming and lateral thinking

3.      专家判断Expert judgment

4.      利害关系者分析Stakeholders analysis

Ø        利害关系者分析识别各种各样利害关系者的影响和利益，并将其需要、需求与期望形成文件

－Stakeholder analysis identifies the influence and interests of the various stakeholders and documents their needs, wants, and expectations

5.2.3   成果(Outputs)

1.      项目范围说明书Project scope statement

Ø        详细的说明了项目的可交付成果和为提交这些可交付成果而必须开展的工作

The project scope statement describes, in detail, the project’s deliverables and the work required to create those deliverables.

Ø        是所有项目利害关系者对项目范围的共同理解，说明了项目的主要目标

Also provides a common understanding of the project scope among all project stakeholders and describes the project’s major objectives

Ø        详细的范围说明书可能直接或以引用其他文件的形式间接包括如下

－The detailed project scope statement includes, either directly or by reference to other documents

n        项目目标Project objectives

n        产品范围说明书Product scope description

n        项目要求说明书Project requirements

n        项目边界Project boundaries

n        项目可交付成果Project deliverables

n        产品验收准则Product acceptance criteria

n        项目制约因素Project constraints

n        项目假设Project assumptions

n        项目初步组织Initial project organization

n        初步确定的风险Initial defined risks

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